Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), also known as Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) or Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering (QELS), is a widely used technique for measuring the size distribution of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. The method relies on analyzing the scattering of light caused by the Brownian motion of particles in a fluid medium.

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DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING

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Dynamic Light Scattering

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Dynamic Light Scattering is a critical tool for nanoparticle and macromolecule characterization. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a widely used analytical technique to measure the particle size distribution of nanoparticles, colloids, emulsions, and macromolecules in a liquid medium. It works by analyzing the fluctuations in the intensity of scattered light caused by the random movement (Brownian motion) of the particles.

Brownian Motion:

Small particles in a liquid move randomly due to collisions with solvent molecules. This movement is known as Brownian motion.
The rate of movement depends on the particle size—smaller particles move faster, and larger particles move slower.

When a laser beam passes through a colloidal solution, particles scatter light in different directions.

Due to Brownian motion, these particles constantly move, causing fluctuations in the intensity of the scattered light.
The rate of these fluctuations depends on particle size—smaller particles move faster, while larger ones move slower.
By analyzing these fluctuations, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles is determined using the Stokes-Einstein equation.

Stokes-Einstein Equation: